Traditional agrarian landscape as cultural-historical source, determinants of origin and development, present manifestation and forms, possibilities of preservation. In our contribution we analyse cultural-historical basis of origin and development of agriculture in Slovakia. Remnants of authentic plot division are still visible in land use and relief, somewhere they are hardly perceived, elsewhere we can see them as expressive landscape element. Historical structures of agrarian landscape are well preserved until now primarily in Carpathian mountains. Recent existence of traditional agrarian landscape is caused by marginal position and low natural potential for intensive farming. Beside monuments and historic sites, also traditional agrarian landscape represents invaluable cultural-historical source (CHR). It contains the memory of various human generations, utilised and created the landscape according to possibilities of actual historical period. We deal also with typology of agricultural CHR in context of all CHR, e.g. mining, horticulture, traffic CHR. Its origin and being are necessarily link to specific human agricultural activity. The seminatural, traditionally utilised agrarian ecosystems we also consider the significant source on biodiversity and stability of landscape ecosystems. At present day the preservation and maintenance of historical agrarian structures is very complicated and it requires multi-functional approach towards landscape utilization. Therefore main legislative, economic and institutional tools, which support the present existence of agricultural CHR are mentioned.