The biodiversity decline, recorded during the last decades, is almost always linked with some form of human activity. We consider for biodiversity conflicts the situations where people deliberately, with or without being aware of the consequences of their actions, destroy biodiversity especially in order to achieve a positive impact on their livelihood. The paper is based on the results of the international project BioForum – Managing Conflicts between Biodiversity Conservation and Human Activities. Information about conflict types, their origin, drivers, and methods of conflict management are provided. Attention is paid also to some conflicts typical for Central and Eastern European countries, especially those connected with agriculture development, application of the Common Agricultural Policy, and implementation of the European Union Directives in the field of nature conservation.