The effect of the agriculture on the biodiversity is broadly discussed. The key role of invertebrates as webmasters in agro-ecosystems is demonstrated. The principles of biological control of pests and integrative management of agricultural landscape are described. The positive effect of ecological agriculture is discussed in relation to the recent situation in the Czech Republic. The methods of biological control and integrative management of agro-ecosystems are presented as a perspective for the biodiversity conservation. The practical role of functional groups of organisms is understood in the context of the ecological services of biodiversity in agricultural systems.