Understanding and knowledge of potential vegetation is important mainly from the habitats restoration point of view and to ensure the stability of certain landscape. The potential vegetation in most of the Slovakia is represented by forest communities. The non-forest potential vegetation would be represented by alpine and sub-alpine vegetation of shrubs and grasses, sand, water and saline biotopes. The focus of the paper is put on characteristics of potential forest and non-forest vegetation in representative landscape ecosystems of Slovakia, which were identified on the basis of synthesis of abiotic, biotic and cultural-historical landscape characteristics.