The forming of our cultural landscape was historically in close connection with the development of agricultural land use. Radical changes in use of agricultural technologies after the IInd World War significantly influenced the structure of agricultural landscape in Western, as well as Eastern Europe. The problem of overproduction of food-stuffs and interferences to agricultural land use appear in regional, national and European level. The strategy of agriculture used on these levels will determine the further development of European agricultural countries. For the strategy of protection as sustainable development of agricultural landscape in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic are formed measures that ought to lead to getting over the present crisis in agriculture.