The chemical contamination of water, air and soil from a wide range of toxic derivatives, in particular heavy metals, aromatic molecules and dyes, is a serious environmental problem owing to their potential human toxicity. Therefore, there is a need to develop technologies that can remove toxic pollutants found in the human environment. Among all the treatments proposed, adsorption is one of the more popular methods for the removal of pollutants, however mostly from aqueous media. Heavy metals, aromatic compounds incl. phenolic derivatives and polycyclic aromatic compounds as well as unwanted dyes are often found in the environment as a result of their wide industrial uses. The main objective of this review is to provide recent information and advantages in current environmental protection efforts with accent to the Slovakian environment.