Slovakia recorded more areas with an intensively affected quality of the basic components of the environment, 4 of these areas in East Slovakia (Middle Gemer, Middle Spiš, Košice and Middle Zemplín areas). Due to dying forests, polluted water courses and contaminated soil, dangerous materials get in to the food chain through plants and animals. For this reason, the Scientific Board of the Slovak Academy of Sciences for agricultural, forest and veterinary sciences regularly deals with this problem. In East Slovakia, all types of emissions exist which impact the soil, vegetation and animals. These emissions appear as alcalization, metalization and acidification. In the majority of cases it is the synergetic influence of harmful materials and this increases their negative impacts on ecosystems. The above mentioned facts make agricultural production more complicated because they worsen soil features, and they cause a decrease in yield and utilization of live-stock. The long-term influence of industrial emissions cause significant expenses. The compensation from the polluters is insufficient. In the period of transformation of ownerships and new conditions of market economy agricultural enterprises are very sensitive to these financial impacts. A very important task for research institutes is to solve and propose further basic changes in utilization of agricultural landscape. These changes must start from the present state and the presumed development of its contamination.