Cadmium levels were measured in the blood and follicular fluid of 220 women in In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) therapy, using the method of a Atomic Absorption spectrometry (AAS). The mean value of cadmium in venous blood was 0.85 ng.mL-1 with significantly higher values among smokers (1.18 ng.mL-1, S. D. 1.6, 95% CI 0.6-1.1) compared to non-smokers (0.46 ng.mL-1, S. D. 0.4, 95% CI 0.4 -0.6) (p<0.0001). For the determination of cadmium residues in the follicular fluid, in total 1518 blood-free follicles were assessed. The mean cadmium value was 0.34 ng.mL-1 (S.D. 0.45, 95% CI 0.28-0.41). No association was found between the cadmium levels in blood and follicular fluid, and similar cadmium levels were found in the follicular fluid of women with different smoking habit. The calculated dietary cadmium intake was similar in all our patients and had no relation to either blood or follicular cadmium levels. The follicular cadmium levels determined were approximately 20-times lower compared to those found in the group of Canadian women. Our study has confirmed the previous findings about the low exposure of Czech population to environmental cadmium.