The contribution deals with the region of southern part of Central Slovakia covering the area of Hont, Novohrad and Gemer. This region corresponds with the borders of counties formed in Slovakia in the period of feudalism, today it includes the districts of Krupina, Levice, Veľký Krtíš, Lučenec, a part of the district Zvolen and the districts of Rimavská Sobota, Revúca and Poltár. These areas are mutually historically and culturally interconnected since the Middle Ages and have many common features. The authors follow the natural and economic potential of the region, its contemporary and historical utilization. They deal also with the influences of antropic activities on landscape structure, state of the environment and on health state of inhabitants. This article is not aimed to be a complex geographical study of the region, but it gives an illustration of the region as a permanently changing dynamic system.