Genetic engineering was introduced in middle seventies and precaution moratorium showed that no specific risk was attached to this technique. It made possible the production of new pharmaceutical peptides first by modified bacteria, then in milk of modified animals, and recently the production in transgenic plants is considered to be the most promising technique. It might provide edible vaccines for developing countries. Transgenic crops in agriculture are either resistant to insect pests or to herbicides. The former cut down an application of insecticides and reduced costs and health hazards to farmers. The latter, when compared with traditional weeds control, decreased the chemical treatment as well and made possible the no-tillage technology. Both types are friendlier to the natural insect community than traditional use of pesticides. The opposition to GMO is most pronounced in Europe from psychological, economical and political reasons. It is a burden to the development of biotechnology and imposes regrettable effect in certain countries in Africa. Health risks are not greater than those of standard food. Although there are certain ecological risks of GMO release, they must always be compared with the risks of alternative technology. Developing countries need to adjust the agriculture based on GMO to their needs. Crops and traits must fit to the climate and their use should be adjusted to the social structure. China is leading country in Asia in this respect. The transgenic crops represent a great business and this fact affects the character of this field.